rtems的网络驱动移植,首先要知道如何将设备初始化函数放入初始化过程中,如何将这个网卡设备注册到系统中。这涉及到rtems的系统初始化,接下来就具体分析初始化过程:
系统初始化第一阶段:
这部分代码主要是用汇编写的,属于bsp的一部分,然后rtems进入基于c代码的初始化第二阶段,但在进入第二阶段之前,必须要有一个可靠的运行环境,这就是第一阶段的汇编代码的工作,总结如下:
- 屏蔽中断
- 初始化cpu工作模式
- 建立内核堆栈
- 对bss段清零
- 建立基本的内存布局
最开始的代码位于/rtems/c/src/lib/libbsp/pc386(这里选择对应的处理器)/start/start.s
函数调用如下图所示:大致的执行流程如下:
- 屏蔽中断
- 读取grub传递的multiboot_info,存放到boot_multiboot_info结构中
- 跳转到_load_segment处,加载与pc硬件相关的全局描述符和中断描述符
- 跳转到_establish,建立rtems内核栈空间
- 清除BSS
- 调用initvideo函数进行显示初始化
- 调用checkcputypesetcr0查找cpu类型
- 设定调用参数,调用第一个c函数boot_card
系统初始化第二阶段:
这一阶段主要是初始化内核组件和驱动程序做准备,与bsp联系紧密,主要工作如下:
- 初始化rtems_cpu_table结构体的cpu_table全局变量
- 初始化rtems_configuration_table结构体的configuration全局变量
- 设置rtems workspace区域
- 初始化中断和异常管理 初始化pci bios interface
执行流程:
boot_card函数首先更新cpu配置表和rtems配置表,然后调用bsp_start函数,该函数主要完成以下工作:
- 计算1ms时间指令的loop值
- 进一步更新rtems的cpu配置表
- 制定rtems的workspace的起始地址并分配空间
- 初始化pci bios interface
执行完bsp_start函数后,进入第三阶段,开始执行rtems_initialize_executive_early函数。
系统初始化第三阶段:
这一阶段的工作量相对于前两个阶段要大很多,其最终目的是完成多任务切换,并切换到用户提供的任务,这部分主要工作是:
- 初始化rtems核心层和系统服务层的功能组件
- 初始化驱动程序
- 进行多任务初始化
初始化管理器组件介绍:
当板级支持包bsp完成硬件级的基本初始化工作后,把控制权交给初始化管理器,初始化管理器的工作主要是负责启动和关闭rtems,启动rtems包括创建并且启动所有的配置好的初始化任务,并且初始化rtems系统使用到的设备驱动程序。初始化rtems:
初始化管理器的主要操作体现在rtems_initialize_executive函数的实现机制,如果不使用该机制,也可以采用rtems_initialize_executive_early函数和rtems_initialize_executive_late函数的实现机制初始化。在rtems只能使用一种方法初始化系统化,不能重复初始化。初始化所有的驱动程序:
这分成四个步骤,在具体执行初始化驱动程序之前,需要执行钩子函数(predriver_hook),然后执行IO_initialize_all_drivers()来完成具体的驱动程序初始化过程。 具体代码如下: bootcard.c/** * @file * * @ingroup bsp_bootcard * * @brief Standard system startup. * * This is the C entry point for ALL RTEMS BSPs. It is invoked * from the assembly language initialization file usually called * start.S. It provides the framework for the BSP initialization * sequence. For the basic flow of initialization see RTEMS C User's Guide, * Initialization Manager. * * This style of initialization ensures that the C++ global * constructors are executed after RTEMS is initialized. * Thanks to Chris Johnsfor the idea * to move C++ global constructors into the first task. *//* * COPYRIGHT (c) 1989-2014. * On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR). * * The license and distribution terms for this file may be * found in the file LICENSE in this distribution or at * http://www.rtems.org/license/LICENSE. */#include #include #include /* * At most a single pointer to the cmdline for those target * short on memory and not supporting a command line. */const char *bsp_boot_cmdline;RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( bsp_work_area_initialize, RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_WORK_AREAS, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( bsp_start, RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_START, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( bsp_predriver_hook, RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_PRE_DRIVERS, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);/* * This is the initialization framework routine that weaves together * calls to RTEMS and the BSP in the proper sequence to initialize * the system while maximizing shared code and keeping BSP code in C * as much as possible. */void boot_card( const char *cmdline){ rtems_interrupt_level bsp_isr_level; /* * Make sure interrupts are disabled. */ (void) bsp_isr_level; rtems_interrupt_local_disable( bsp_isr_level ); bsp_boot_cmdline = cmdline; rtems_initialize_executive(); /*************************************************************** *************************************************************** * APPLICATION RUNS NOW!!! We will not return to here!!! * *************************************************************** ***************************************************************/}
其中包含了三个初始化函数的调用:
RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( bsp_work_area_initialize, RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_WORK_AREAS, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( bsp_start, RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_START, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( bsp_predriver_hook, RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_PRE_DRIVERS, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);
boot_card函数中,包含rtems_initialize_executive函数,这是初始化管理函数,位于exinit.c文件中:
exinit.c/** * @file * * @brief Initialization Manager * * @ingroup ClassicRTEMS *//* * COPYRIGHT (c) 1989-2014. * On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR). * * The license and distribution terms for this file may be * found in the file LICENSE in this distribution or at * http://www.rtems.org/license/LICENSE. */#if HAVE_CONFIG_H#include "config.h"#endif#include#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include const char _Copyright_Notice[] ="COPYRIGHT (c) 1989-2008.\n\On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).\n";static Objects_Information *_Internal_Objects[ OBJECTS_INTERNAL_CLASSES_LAST + 1 ];static Objects_Information *_RTEMS_Objects[ OBJECTS_RTEMS_CLASSES_LAST + 1 ];static Objects_Information *_POSIX_Objects[ OBJECTS_POSIX_CLASSES_LAST + 1 ];Objects_Information ** const_Objects_Information_table[ OBJECTS_APIS_LAST + 1 ] = { NULL, &_Internal_Objects[ 0 ], &_RTEMS_Objects[ 0 ], &_POSIX_Objects[ 0 ]};API_Mutex_Control *_RTEMS_Allocator_Mutex;API_Mutex_Control *_Once_Mutex;static void rtems_initialize_data_structures(void){ /* * Dispatching and interrupts are disabled until the end of the * initialization sequence. This prevents an inadvertent context * switch before the executive is initialized. * * WARNING: Interrupts should have been disabled by the BSP and * are disabled by boot_card(). */ /* * Initialize any target architecture specific support as early as possible */ _CPU_Initialize(); _Thread_Dispatch_initialization(); _ISR_Handler_initialization(); _API_Mutex_Initialization( 2 ); _API_Mutex_Allocate( &_RTEMS_Allocator_Mutex ); _API_Mutex_Allocate( &_Once_Mutex ); _Thread_Handler_initialization(); _Scheduler_Handler_initialization(); _SMP_Handler_initialize();}RTEMS_LINKER_ROSET( _Sysinit, rtems_sysinit_item );RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( rtems_initialize_data_structures, RTEMS_SYSINIT_DATA_STRUCTURES, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);/* * No threads should be created before this point!!! * _Thread_Executing and _Thread_Heir are not set. * * At this point all API extensions are in place. After the call to * _Thread_Create_idle() _Thread_Executing and _Thread_Heir will be set. * * Scheduling can properly occur afterwards as long as we avoid dispatching. */RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( _Thread_Create_idle, RTEMS_SYSINIT_IDLE_THREADS, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);/* Initialize I/O drivers. * * Driver Manager note: * All drivers may not be registered yet. Drivers will dynamically * be initialized when registered in level 2,3 and 4. */RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( _IO_Initialize_all_drivers, RTEMS_SYSINIT_DEVICE_DRIVERS, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);void rtems_initialize_executive(void){ const volatile rtems_sysinit_item *cur = RTEMS_LINKER_SET_BEGIN(_Sysinit ); const volatile rtems_sysinit_item *end = RTEMS_LINKER_SET_END( _Sysinit ); /* Invoke the registered system initialization handlers */ while ( cur != end ) { ( *cur->handler )(); ++cur; } _System_state_Set( SYSTEM_STATE_UP ); _SMP_Request_start_multitasking(); _Thread_Start_multitasking(); /******************************************************************* ******************************************************************* ******************************************************************* ****** APPLICATION RUNS HERE ****** ****** THE FUNCTION NEVER RETURNS ****** ******************************************************************* ******************************************************************* *******************************************************************/}
在该文件中,包含了IO_initialize_all_drivers()函数的调用:
RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM( _IO_Initialize_all_drivers, RTEMS_SYSINIT_DEVICE_DRIVERS, RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE);
IO_initialize_all_drivers()函数的定义在io.c文件中
#if HAVE_CONFIG_H#include "config.h"#endif#includebool _IO_All_drivers_initialized;void _IO_Initialize_all_drivers( void ){ rtems_device_major_number major; _IO_All_drivers_initialized = true; for ( major=0 ; major < _IO_Number_of_drivers ; major ++ ) (void) rtems_io_initialize( major, 0, NULL );}
可以看到,主要是利用for循环rtems_io_initialize函数进行初始化,其中major就是driver的注册的数量,查找rtems_io_initialize函数的实现,在ioInitialize.c文件中:
ioInitialize.c#if HAVE_CONFIG_H#include "config.h"#endif#includertems_status_code rtems_io_initialize( rtems_device_major_number major, rtems_device_minor_number minor, void *argument){ rtems_device_driver_entry callout; if ( major >= _IO_Number_of_drivers ) return RTEMS_INVALID_NUMBER; callout = _IO_Driver_address_table[major].initialization_entry; return callout ? callout(major, minor, argument) : RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL;}
从该函数的实现可以看出,其实驱动函数的初始化就是调用_IO_Driver_address_table这个表中驱动设备的初始化入口成员函数,也就是initialization_entry,现在就比较明朗了,只要查找_IO_Driver_address_table表,然后向其中添加设备注册即可。该表位于confdefs.h文件中。
rtems_driver_address_table _IO_Driver_address_table[ CONFIGURE_MAXIMUM_DRIVERS ] = { #ifdef CONFIGURE_BSP_PREREQUISITE_DRIVERS CONFIGURE_BSP_PREREQUISITE_DRIVERS, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_PREREQUISITE_DRIVERS CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_PREREQUISITE_DRIVERS, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CONSOLE_DRIVER CONSOLE_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CLOCK_DRIVER CLOCK_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_RTC_DRIVER RTC_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_WATCHDOG_DRIVER WATCHDOG_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_STUB_DRIVER DEVNULL_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_ZERO_DRIVER DEVZERO_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_IDE_DRIVER IDE_CONTROLLER_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_ATA_DRIVER ATA_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_FRAME_BUFFER_DRIVER FRAME_BUFFER_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_EXTRA_DRIVERS CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_EXTRA_DRIVERS, #endif #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_NULL_DRIVER NULL_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY #elif !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CONSOLE_DRIVER) && \ !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CLOCK_DRIVER) && \ !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_RTC_DRIVER) && \ !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_STUB_DRIVER) && \ !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_ZERO_DRIVER) && \ !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_IDE_DRIVER) && \ !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_ATA_DRIVER) && \ !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_FRAME_BUFFER_DRIVER) && \ !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_EXTRA_DRIVERS) NULL_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY #endif };
可以看到这个table包含了很多外设的宏entry入口,比如console、clock等,接下来以console串口的entry举例,CONSOLE_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,该宏定义位于console.h中:
#define CONSOLE_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY \ { console_initialize, console_open, console_close, \ console_read, console_write, console_control }
发现宏中包含了很多console函数的声明:
console_initialize:rtems_device_driver console_initialize( rtems_device_major_number major, rtems_device_minor_number minor, void *arg);
参数major:设备驱动的主号码
参数minor:设备驱动的次号码 当返回RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL表示初始化成功这些函数的实现基本都是在具体的处理器和bsp代码中。所以可移植性很强。只要保证接口函数相同即可。
最后在rtems_initialize_executive函数中,执行_Thread_Start_multitasking();开始多任务模式,rtems的系统初始化工作就结束了。